Эта статья будет полезна начинающим пользователям Cygwin. Начнем с того, что нам для начала нужно ответить на простой вопрос. Установка пакета Cygwin,настройка аутентификации по ключам, cygwin netsh openssh, как перезапустить сервисы через Cygwin.
Cygwin tutorial. Cygwin is a free software package that provides a Unix-like environment and software tool set in Windows environment (2000/XP/Vista). Cygwin was started in 1995 by Steve Chamberlain, an engineer working for Cygnus (later bough by by Red Hat). The earliest mailing list references on the Web are in early 1997, by which time it appears to have been in a functional state. Cygwin is the most popular of server Unix-emulation packages available for windows. Among alternatives we can mention uwin -- free high quality implementation from AT&T which was led by David Korn (it includes ksh93). While discontinued Microsoft SFU version 3.
5 was a high quality POSIX emulator for Windows too. It is still available for Windows XP. It runs best on Windows XP or Windows 7 with NTFS. Current version is 1.
Cygwin contains:.
Cygwin, набор свободных программных инструментов разработанных фирмой Cygnus Solutions, позволяющих превратить Microsoft Windows и. Cygwin - скачать Cygwin 2.2.1 бесплатно. Cygwin - Эмулятор UNIX для Windows, позволяющий использовать большинство *nix-утилит. Сегодня я хочу поделится опытом и впечатлениями о том как я пытался найти замену Tmux под cygwin и как я в конце концов победил.
Cygwin, набор свободных программных инструментов разработанных фирмой Cygnus Solutions, позволяющих превратить Microsoft Windows и.
Libraries that emulate a UNIX environment by implementing the UNIX Application Programming Interface (API). Classic scripting languages including Perl, Python, PHP and Ruby. bash Shell and over 250 utilities such as ls (1), sed (1), cp (1), stty (1), etc. Include files and development tools such as gcc (1), yacc (1), lex (1), and make (1). Cygwin consists of a Unix system call emulation library, cygwin1. dll. together with a set of GNU and other free software applications organized into a large number of optionally installed packages.
Among these packages are a complete X11 development toolkit, GNU emacs, TeX and LaTeX, OpenSSH (client and server), and much more. Due to presence of emulation layer cygwin (and especially Cygwin/X) is much slower then X servers which use native Win32 API. Cygwin is not equivalent of a VMWare player and does not provide a means for running Linux binary executables under MS-Windows. In order to run such software using Cygwin, that software must be compiled from its sources.
Cygwin provides all of the components needed to do this in most cases; most POSIX-compliant software, including X11 applications, can easily be ported to MS-Windows using Cygwin. Teraterm is a reasonably good enough replacement for “cmd” and can serve as "out of the box" terminal for Cygwin. If you follow press Alt-G in Teraterm, you’ll get a terminal with the following advantages:. pasting, extending selection etc. all work. a resizable window (unlike cmd).
ability to run “screen” locally on windows. Cygwin provides POSIX view of the Windows file system space. The slash ('/') directory points to the system partition (C:) by default. In addition to selecting the slash partition, it allows mounting arbitrary Win32 paths into the POSIX file system space using mount command. Many people mount each drive letter under the slash partition (e. C:\ to /c.
D:\ to /d. etc. ).
That is simpler that /cygdrive/c. /cygdrive/d. etc). Here is additional information about options of the mount command in Cygwin:. -b, --binary (default) text files are equivalent to binary files (newline = \n). -c, --change-cygdrive-prefix change the cygdrive path prefix to <posixpath>. -f, --force force mount, don't warn about missing mount point directories.
-h, --help output usage information and exit. -m, --mount-commands write mount commands to replicate user and system mount points and cygdrive prefixes. -o, --options X[,X. ] specify mount options. -p, --show-cygdrive-prefix show user and/or system cygdrive path prefix.
-s, --system (default) add system-wide mount point. -t, --text text files get \r\n line endings. -u, --user add user-only mount point. -v, --version output version information and exit. -x, --executable treat all files under mount point as executables.
-E, --no-executable treat all files under mount point as non-executables. -X, --cygwin-executable treat all files under mount point as cygwin executables. Path translations can be done by executing the cygpath utility program. The cygpath program is a utility that converts Windows native filenames to Cygwin POSIX-style pathnames and vice versa. It can be used when a Cygwin program needs to pass a file name to a native Windows program, or expects to get a file name from a native Windows program.
Alternatively, cygpath can output information about the location of important system directories in either format. The -u and -w options indicate whether you want a conversion to UNIX (POSIX) format ( -u ) or to Windows format ( -w ). Use the -d to get DOS-style (8. 3) file and path names. The -m option will output Windows-style format but with forward slashes instead of backslashes.
This option is especially useful in shell scripts, which use backslashes as an escape character. In combination with the -w option, you can use the -l and -s options to use normal (long) or DOS-style (short) form.
The -d option is identical to -w and -s together. Caveat: The -l option does not work if the check_case parameter of CYGWIN is set to strict. since Cygwin is not able to match any Windows short path in this mode.
The -p option means that you want to convert a path-style string rather than a single filename. For example, the PATH environment variable is semicolon-delimited in Windows, but colon-delimited in UNIX. By giving -p you are instructing cygpath to convert between these formats. The -i option supresses the print out of the usage message if no filename argument was given.
It can be used in make file rules converting variables that may be omitted to a proper format. Note that cygpath output may contain spaces (C:\Program Files) so should be enclosed in quotes. Example 3. Example cygpath usage.
The capital options -D. -H.
-P. -S. and -W output directories used by Windows that are not the same on all systems, for example -S might output C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32 or C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM. The -H shows the Windows profiles directory that can be used as root of home. The -A option forces use of the "All Users" directories instead of the current user for the -D. -O and -P options. The -F outputs other special folders specified by their internal numeric code (decimal or 0xhex).
For valid codes and symbolic names, see the CSIDL_* definitions in the include file /usr/include/w32api/shlobj. h from package w32api. The current valid range of codes for folders is 0 (Desktop) to 59 (CDBurn area).
On Win9x systems with only a single user, -A has no effect; -D and -AD would have the same output. By default the output is in UNIX (POSIX) format; use the -w or -d options to get other formats. Win32 file systems are case preserving but case insensitive. Cygwin does not currently support case distinction because, in practice, few UNIX programs actually rely on it.
Symbolic links are emulated by files containing a magic cookie followed by the path to which the link points. They are marked with the System attribute so that only files with that attribute have to be read to determine whether or not the file is a symbolic link. Hard links are fully supported under Windows NT on NTFS file systems. The inode number for a file is calculated by hashing its full Win32 path.
The inode number generated by the stat call always matches the one returned in d_ino of the dirent structure. It is worth noting that the number produced by this method is not guaranteed to be unique.
However, we have not found this to be a significant problem because of the low probability of generating a duplicate inode number. Cygwin provides the following functionality for WIN32 applications: Process control and management: While processes can be created using the fork (2) function. With the exec family of functions, an existing process can be overlaid with another process. Each process has a unique process id and each process belongs to a process group.
File descriptor semantics: Open files, pipes, sockets, fifos, and character and block special devices files have file descriptors associated with them. They can be duped and inherited with UNIX semantics. UNIX signal semantics: Nearly all of the UNIX signals are provided, including job control signals so that shell can stop and restart jobs. A process can catch, block or ignore signals.
Signals can be sent to processes or to process groups. Support for devices: Cygwin provides character and block devices with major and minor numbers as found on UNIX systems. Terminal interface for consoles, sockets, and serial lines: The POSIX termios interface is supported for consoles with vt100 emulation. Serial lines, and sockets that have been designated as virtual terminals. Cygwin supports pseudo-ttys.
Use of the mouse with console windows: The left mouse button in a console window can be used to select text and copy to the clipboard. The right button (or middle button on a three button mouse) can be used to paste text from the clipboard. Pathname mapping from UNIX to Windows: UNIX naming conventions: The PATH variable is a : separated list of directories rather than a ; separated list.
The cc command generates files with a. o suffix by default.
However, some characters such as \, *. ?. |. &. <.
>. and : are not valid as part of file names. By default, directories are mounted without case distinction.
However, the mount command allows directories to be mounted as case sensitive so that the files makefile and Makefile are distinct. In addition, there is a registry key that can be set to make the default case sensitive.
Mapping to and from UNIX ids/permissions to NT/2000/XP permissions: Windows NT/2000/XP subject identifiers are mapped to UNIX user ids and group ids. UNIX permissions are mapped onto Windows NT/2000/XP file ACLs. The Administrator can use chown() to change the owner and or group of a file. File control locking: UNIX file control advisory locking is supported by Cygwin with deadlock detection. System V IPC: The System V semaphore and message calls are implemented. Runtime linking of dynamically linked libraries: The dlopen(). dlsym() interface from System V Release 4 is provided.
Error mapping from Windows to UNIX: Errors returned by WIN32 functions are mapped into UNIX errors. i -node numbers: An i -node number is returned when reading a file and when stating a file. Hard links: Hard links are supported on NTFS file system. Symbolic links: Symbolic links to files and directories can be created in Cygwin and are implemented as Windows shortcuts. A. lnk suffix will be appended to these file names but will not appear when reading directories with Cygwin.
Shortcuts created by Windows appear as symbolic links in Cygwin but do not have the. lnk suffix removed. Fifo's: Fifo's (UNIX named pipes) can be created with mkfifo() and opened as an ordinary file. Setuid and setgid programs: Users can authorize setuid and/or setgid programs to be run on their behalf and use chmod() to turn on setuid permission for a program. The program must be on an NTFS file system.
inet Daemons and commands: Cygwin comes with the inet daemon, the telnet daemon, the rlogin daemon, rsh and ssh daemons. It also includes the telnet. ftp.
rsh. and rlogin programs. ssh and ssh daemon: A compilation of openssh-3. 6p1. Set of utilities. Cygwin provides full set of Posix utilities (or more correctly GNU toolset).
Alphabetical list.